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Gull-wing door is an automotive industry term describing car doors that are hinged at the roof rather than the side, as pioneered by the 1952 Mercedes-Benz 300SL race car (W194) and its road-legal version (W198) introduced in 1954. Opening upwards, the doors evoke the image of a seagull's wings. In French they are ''portes papillon'' (butterfly doors). The papillon door, slightly different in its architecture from a gullwing door – designed by Jean Bugatti in 1939 Type 64,〔http://www.bugatti.com/en/tradition/bugatti-models/t64.html〕 fourteen years before Mercedes-Benz produced its similar, famous 300SL gullwing door – is a precursor, but is often overlooked when discussing "Gull-wing" design.〔("Papillon and gull-wing door" )〕 Conventional car doors are typically hinged at the front-facing edge of the door and the door swings outward in a horizontal plane. Apart from the Mercedes-Benz 300SL of the mid-1950s and the experimental Mercedes-Benz C111 of the early 1970s, the best-known examples of road-cars with gull-wing doors are the Bricklin SV-1 from the 1970s and the DeLorean DMC-12 from the 1980s. Gull-wing doors have also been used in aircraft designs, such as the four-seat single-engine Socata TB series built in France.〔("Socata Trinidad GT: A beautiful little French retractable with a certain je ne sais quoi", ''Plane & Pilot'' ) retrieved 3 August 2011〕 == Practical considerations == Despite the common misconception that the gull-wing doors are mere stylistic affectations, the design is a very practical one in a tight urban parking space. When properly designed and counterbalanced, they require little side-clearance to open (about 27.5 cm, or 11" in the DeLorean) and allow much better entrance/egress than conventional doors. The most obvious downside to having gull-wing doors is that, should the car roll over and come to rest on its roof, exit by the doors would be impossible, requiring a large windscreen opening to escape. A Volvo concept car (Volvo YCC) that was designed by and for women had gull-wing doors as part of a design meant to be appealing from a woman's perspective. Gull-wing doors to make it easier to lift a bag to store it behind the drivers seat, increases visibility over the driver's shoulder, and makes it easier to get in and out of the vehicle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/fr/fr-fr/media/pressreleases/4937/your-concept-car-by-women-for-modern-people )〕 The Tesla Model X, first introduced in 2015, has gull-wing doors (called falcon-wing doors by Tesla). The Model X has several design considerations to make the doors more practical. The doors are double hinged. This allows them to open with less clearance (horizontal and vertical) than would otherwise be required. The vehicle also has sensors to determine ceiling height and the presence of potential obstacles. The vehicle then determines how the hinges will operate to open the doors and avoid the obstacles, if possible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gullwing door」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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